♪ JOHN: TONIGHT ON PBS NEWS WEEKEND.

DESPERATELY NEEDED AID BEGINS TO FLOW INTO GAZA AS PRESIDENT TRUMP HEADS TO ISRAEL IN ANTICIPATION OF THE HOSTAGE RELEASE.

THEN, FARMERS IN MINNESOTA STRUGGLING TO STAY AFLOAT AS CHINA BOYCOTTS U.S.

SOYBEANS.

AND A NEW FILM ABOUT THE LIFE AND LEGACY OF GEORGE ORWELL THAT ARGUES HIS GREATEST FEARS COULD BE COMING TRUE.

>> IT SUFFICED TO WATCH THE NEWS EVERY DAY YOU KNOW.

TO HEAR ELECTED OFFICIALS TRYING TO CONVINCE YOU THAT WHAT YOU'RE SEEING IS NOT WHAT IT IS.

YOU HAVE TO KEEP ALWAYS YOUR COMMON SENSE.

2 PLUS 2 IS ALWAYS 4.

JOHN: GOOD EVENING, I'M JOHN YANG.

PRESIDENT TRUMP LEAVES WASHINGTON AND THE GOVERNMENT SHUTDOWN BEHIND TO HIGHLIGHT A DIPLOMATIC DEAL-MAKING ACCOMPLISHMENT IN THE MIDDLE EAST, THE ANTICIPATED RELEASE OF THE ISRAELI HOSTAGES HELD IN GAZA.

THIS AFTERNOON, HE LEFT THE WHITE HOUSE HEADED TO ISRAEL.

>> THIS IS THE FIRST TIME -- EVERYONE IS AMAZED IN THRILLED AND IT IS AN HONOR TO BE INVOLVED.

WE ARE GOING TO HAVE AN AMAZING TIME.

IT'LL BE SOMETHING THAT'S NEVER HAPPENED BEFORE.

JOHN: TOMORROW, MR.

TRUMP IS TO MEET WITH HOSTAGE FAMILIES AND ADDRESS THE ISRAELI PARLIAMENT IN JERUSALEM.

THEN HE'LL FLY TO THE EGYPTIAN RED SEA RESORT CITY OF SHARM EL-SHEIKH FOR A SUMMIT OF ARAB LEADERS WHO BACKED THE AGREEMENT.

SIDE GAZA, THE ISRAELI MILITARY PULLED BACK TO A NEW DEFENSIVE LINE AS PART OF THE CEASEFIRE.

AND DESPERATE PALESTINIANS SWARMED AID TRUCKS, NOT EVEN WAITING FOR THEM TO STOP BEFORE CLAMORING FOR SUPPLIES.

THE NEXT STEPS ARE UNCLEAR, AS MANY DETAILS ABOUT THE FUTURE OF GAZA HAVE YET TO BE WORKED OUT.

ANSHEL PFEFFER IS THE ISRAEL CORRESPONDENT FOR THE ECONOMIST, WHO IS IN JERUSALEM.

THE RELEASE OF THE HOSTAGES IS GOING TO CLOSE A CHAPTER, A TWO-YEAR CHAPTER THAT'S BEEN PAINFUL ON BOTH SIDES, IN DIFFERENT WAYS.

WHAT IS THE MOOD IN ISRAEL?

IS THERE ANY WAY TO TELL WHAT GAZANS ARE FEELING?

ANSHEL: THERE IS CONCERN THAT SOMETHING COULD GO WRONG AT THE LAST MOMENT AND THE VIGILS I WENT TO WERE ALL HOPEFUL THIS WOULD BE THE LAST TIME WE WERE STANDING HERE.

THESE ARE PEOPLE WITH NO PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP OR ACQUAINTANCE WITH THE HOSTAGES.

REALLY SO MUCH REPRESENTATION.

I WAS IN GAZA A WEEK AND A HALF AGO.

IT IS VERY CLEAR THAT THE SITUATION THERE IS THE BEGINNING OF A VERY LONG ROAD OF RECONSTRUCTION.

ENTIRE NEIGHBORHOODS HAVE BEEN FLATTENED IN THIS WAR, SO MANY OF THOSE, HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS ARE STREAMING BACK TO GAZA CITY.

THEY'RE GOING TO DISCOVER THEIR HOMES ARE NOT STANDING AND THEY WILL HAVE TO CAMP OUT ON THE RUBBLE WHERE THE HOME ONCE STOOD.

IT IS GOING TO BE A VERY LONG PROCESS WHICH IS EXACERBATED BY HAMAS FIGHTERS COMING OUT FROM HIDING PLACES AND TRYING TO REASSERT THEMSELVES.

THERE SEEMS TO BE A POWER VACUUM IN PARTS OF GAZA.

OME OF THE CLANS WANTED TO TAKE CONTROL IN THEIR AREAS.

HOPEFULLY WHAT WILL BE ON THE AGENDA TOMORROW IN THE CONFERENCE IN EGYPT WHICH DONALD TRUMP IS GOING TO ATTEND WILL BE ABOUT HOW TO TRY AND MAINTAIN CONTROL OF THOSE AREAS IN GAZA.

JOHN: DOES THIS MOVE US ANY CLOSER TO WHAT GAZA WILL LOOK LIKE AFTER THE WAR?

WILL HAMAS LAY DOWN THEIR ARMS, WHAT WILL THEIR ARMS, WHAT WILL THE ROLE BE?

ANSHEL: WHAT WE HAVE SEEN IN THIS UNIQUE TYPE OF DIPLOMACY TRUMP AND HIS PEOPLE HAVE BEEN EXECUTING THE LAST FEW DAYS, THEY ARE TAKING IT STAGE BY STAGE.

LAST WEDNESDAY NIGHT, THEY REACH AN AGREEMENT ON THE HOSTAGE RELEASE AND THE CEASE-FIRE AND THE ISRAELI WITHDRAWAL.

THAT IS NOW BEING IMPLEMENTED OVER THE NEXT 24 HOURS.

THE NEXT STAGE WHICH IS THE DAY AFTER IN GAZA, WHICH GOVERNMENT WILL TAKE CARE OF CIVILIANS -- INDEPENDENT GOVERNMENT WITHOUT HAMAS INVOLVEMENT.

IT IS AS OF YET UNNAMED PEACEKEEPING FORCE.

THE UNITED STATES MADE IT CLEAR THEY WILL BE VERY MUCH INVOLVED BUT WILL NOT HAVE ANY BOOTS ON THE GROUND, SO WHO'S BOOTS WILL BE ON THE GROUND IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE THE NEXT MOST IMPORTANT STAGE IS THEY DISARMAMENT -- DISARMAMENT OF HAMAS.

THEY HAVE NOT OFFICIALLY AGREED TO THAT YET.

WE WILL WAIT AND SEE WHICH WEAPONS THEY WILL HAND OVER AND TO WHOM.

WILL THEY HAND IT OVER TO THE PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY WHICH ALSO HAS A ROLE WHICH HAS YET TO BE CLARIFIED IN ALL OF THIS.

SOME OF THESE THINGS MAY BE FLESHED OUT OR NEED TO BE FLESHED OUT BUT THAT IS JUST THE NEXT STAGE, WEEKS AND MONTHS AND ON THE ISRAELI SIDE, ISRAEL HAS SET SOME CONDITIONS AND THESE ARE RECOGNIZED IN THE TRUMP PLAN.

GETTING THE IDEA TO LEAVE THAT AREA WILL ALSO INVOLVE VARIOUS MILESTONES OF STABILIZING GAZA AND DISARMING HAMAS.

THESE ARE ALL ISSUES THAT HAVE YET TO BE DEALT WITH ANY KIND OF DETAIL OR AGREEMENT ACHIEVED, REGARDING THESE ISSUES.

JOHN: THANK YOU VERY MUCH.

N TODAY'S OTHER HEADLINES, ON DAY 12 OF THE GOVERNMENT SHUTDOWN, THERE IS STILL NO END IN SIGHT.

DEMOCRATS SAY THEY WON'T VOTE TO FUND THE GOVERNMENT UNLESS REPUBLICANS AGREE TO EXTEND TAX CREDITS THAT HELP LOW AND MIDDLE-INCOME EARNERS PAY FOR HEALTH INSURANCE UNDER THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT.

REPUBLICANS SAY THEY'RE OPEN TO TALKING ABOUT THAT BUT ONLY AFTER DEMOCRATS AGREE TO A SHORT-TERM FUNDING BILL.

ON CBS' 'FACE THE NATION' VICE PRESIDENT JD VANCE SAID THE TAX CREDITS NEED TO BE REFORMED.

>> THE TAX CREDITS GO TO SOME PEOPLE DESERVEDLY, AND WE THINK THE TAX CREDITS ACTUALLY GO TO A LOT OF WASTE AND FRAUD WITHIN THE INSURANCE INDUSTRY.

SO WE WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT THE TAX CREDITS GO TO THE PEOPLE WHO NEED THEM.

JOHN: HOUSE MINORITY LEADER HAKEEM JEFFRIES SAID THE CREDITS NEED TO BE EXTENDED BY NOVEMBER FIRST, THE START OF THE ANNUAL OBAMACARE INSURANCE ENROLLMENT PERIOD.

RUSSIA ATTACKED UKRAINE'S POWER GRID OVERNIGHT AS PART OF ITS ONGOING CAMPAIGN TO CRIPPLE THE ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE BEFORE WINTER.

RUSSIA TARGETED MULTIPLE REGIONS FROM DONETSK TO ODESA.

TWO EMPLOYEES AT UKRAINE'S LARGEST PRIVATE ENERGY COMPANY WERE WOUNDED.

THE KREMLIN REITERATED ITS LONGSTANDING CONCERN ABOUT THE UNITED STATES SUPPLYING TOMAHAWK MISSILES TO UKRAINE AND SAID THE WAR HAS REACHED A DRAMATIC MOMENT OF ESCALATION.

UKRANIAN PRESIDENT VOLODYMYR ZELENSKYY SAID HE WOULD USE TOMAHAWK MISSILES TO FURTHER MILITARY GOALS AND WOULD NOT TARGET RUSSIAN CIVILIANS.

FOUR PEOPLE ARE DEAD AND AT LEAST 20 INJURED AFTER A MASS SHOOTING AT A CROWDED BAR ON AN ISLAND OFF SOUTH CAROLINA.

FOUR OF THE INJURED ARE IN CRITICAL CONDITION.

THE SHERIFF'S OFFICE SAYS IT HAPPENED EARLY SUNDAY AT WILLIE'S BAR AND GRILL ON ST.

HELENA ISLAND.

AUTHORITIES SAID THAT WHEN THE SHOOTING STARTED, PEOPLE RAN FROM THE BAR TO SEEK SHELTER IN NEARBY BUSINESSES AND PROPERTIES.

AN INVESTIGATION IS ONGOING.

A STRONG NOR'EASTER IS CHURNING ITS WAY UP THE EAST COAST, BRINGING DAMAGING WIND AND HEAVY RAIN FROM NORTH CAROLINA TO NEW ENGLAND.

THERE HAVE BEEN FLIGHT DELAYS AND CANCELLATIONS AT AIRPORTS FROM WASHINGTON, D.C.

TO BOSTON.

NEW JERSEY DECLARED A STATE OF EMERGENCY IN ANTICIPATION OF POTENTIALLY MAJOR COASTAL FLOODING AND WIND GUSTS UP TO 55 MILES PER HOUR.

THE WEATHER SERVICE ALSO WARNS OF A POTENTIAL FOR SCATTERED POWER OUTAGES.

STILL TO COME ON "PBS NEWS WEEKEND," HOW CHINA'S BOYCOTT OF AMERICAN SOYBEANS IS CAUSING PROBLEMS FOR AMERICAN FARMERS.

AND A NEW DOCUMENTARY SHOWCASES THE LIFE AND WORK OF VISIONARY AUTHOR GEORGE ORWELL.

JOHN: FARM BANKRUPTCIES WERE ALREADY ON THE RISE WHEN PRESIDENT TRUMP'S TRADE WAR ADDED TO THE FINANCIAL PRESSURES ON AMERICA'S SOYBEAN FARMERS.

TO HEAR WHAT'S ON THEIR MINDS THIS HARVEST SEASON, SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT MEGAN THOMPSON VISITED TWO FARMERS IN MINNESOTA.

MEGAN: MOTHER NATURE HAS BEEN KIND THIS YEAR TO RYAN MACKENTHUN, WHO FARMS ABOUT 2200 ACRES OF CORN AND SOYBEANS NEAR BROWNTON, MINNESOTA.

GREAT WEATHER HAS MEANT BETTER-THAN-AVERAGE YIELDS, AND THE SUN WAS SHINING DURING HIS SOYBEAN HARVEST IN EARLY OCTOBER.

>> WHEN YOU CAN GET A RUN OF A WEEK STRAIGHT OF, YOU KNOW, 80S WEATHER WITH NICE WIND, I MEAN YOU CAN COMBINE A LOT OF BEANS.

THE WEATHER'S JUST BEEN FANTASTIC.

MEGAN: WHAT'S NOT FANTASTIC?

JUST AS MACKENTHUN BRINGS HIS CROPS OFF THE FIELD, THE WORLD'S LARGEST SOYBEAN CONSUMER, CHINA, HAS STOPPED BUYING AMERICAN BEANS.

>> IT'S REALLY NERVE WRACKING.

THE LOOMING TARIFFS OVER US HAVE MADE IT JUST DIFFICULT TO PREDICT ANYTHING.

MEGAN: ED USSET IS A GRAIN MARKET ECONOMIST AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA.

>> THIS IS HARVEST TIME.

AND TRADITIONALLY, OUR BIGGEST SALES ARE FROM SEPTEMBER TO THE END OF THE CALENDAR YEAR.

MEGAN: AND USSET SAYS, THE BIGGEST CHUNK OF THOSE SALES USUALLY GO TO CHINA.

>> OVER THE LAST DECADE, WE'VE ROUTINELY SENT A BILLION BUSHELS, TO A BILLION-TWO, JUST TO CHINA EVERY YEAR.

THAT REPRESENTS 25% OF OUR TOTAL SOYBEAN DEMAND IN THE UNITED STATES.

MEGAN: BUT SINCE MAY, CHINA HAS BOUGHT ZERO AMERICAN SOYBEANS, AFTER THE CHINESE GOVERNMENT SLAPPED TARIFFS ON THEM, A RETALIATORY MOVE IN THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION'S ONGOING TRADE WAR.

AND AS DEMAND PLUMMETS, SO DOES THE PRICE.

CAUGHT IN THE MIDDLE ARE FAMERS LIKE RYAN MACKENTHUN, WHOSE GREAT-GREAT GRANDFATHER STARTED THIS FARM IN 1887.

WHEN WE VISITED, HE WAS JUST FINISHING UP COMBINING HIS FIRST FIELD OF THE MORNING.

MOST EVERY YEAR, HE PUTS HIS SOYBEANS INTO BIG STORAGE BINS ON HIS FARM AND SELLS THEM THROUGHOUT THE YEAR - TRYING TO EKE OUT A BIGGER PROFIT, WHEN AND IF THE PRICE RISES.

BUT THIS YEAR, HE'S REVERSED COURSE COMPLETELY AND IS SELLING HIS HAUL RIGHT AWAY TO THE LOCAL GRAIN ELEVATOR.

>> SO ON THAT LOAD I HAD 371 BUSHELS OF SOYBEANS, GOT PAID $9.13 A BUSHEL.

THAT'S A DOLLAR BELOW WHAT I GOT FOR MOST OF MY BEANS LAST YEAR.

>> MY FEAR IS THAT THE PRICE IS EVEN GOING TO GET WORSE AND WORSE AS WE GO ALONG IF WE DON'T HAVE THAT DEMAND FOR SOYBEANS.

MEGAN: MACKENTHUN IS FEARFUL BECAUSE HE'S SEEN THAT HAPPEN BEFORE - IN 2018, A SIMILAR TRADE WAR PUSHED PRICES DOWN TO AROUND $8 A BUSHEL.

BUT IT MEANS HE'S SELLING HIS SOYBEANS FOR LESS THAN WHAT IT COST TO PRODUCE THEM.

WITH THE PRICES OF FERTILIZER AND FARM EQUIPMENT EVER-INCREASING, HE FIGURES HE'S LOSING ABOUT $100 PER ACRE, OR ABOUT $90,000 ON HIS SOYBEANS.

>> IT'S OVERWHELMING ON HOW TO MANAGE ALL THESE COSTS WHEN WE PLANT ON GOOD FAITH THAT THE MARKET WILL BE THERE TO SUPPORT ALL OUR COSTS.

SO, YEAH, IT'S IT'S EMOTIONALLY DEMANDING TO TRY TO BALANCE ALL OF IT.

MEGAN: JUST A FEW MILES AWAY, BOB LINDEMAN IS ALSO VEERING OFF HIS USUAL HARVEST PLAN.

>> WITH THE BEANS, WE NORMALLY WOULD SELL RIGHT OFF THE FIELD.

WE'RE PUTTING THEM INTO THESE BINS.

MEGAN: UNLIKE MACKENTHUN, LINDEMAN'S HOLDING ON TO MOST OF HIS BEANS, CROSSING HIS FINGERS THE MARKET WILL IMPROVE.

>> OH IT IS FOR SURE A RISK YOU KNOW, PUTTING THEM IN, THE MARKET COULD GO DOWN.

I'M HOPING THAT WE CAN GET SOME OF THESE TARIFFS TAKEN CARE OF.

MEGAN: BUT LINDEMAN DOESN'T HAVE A PLACE ON HIS OWN FARM TO STORE THE SOYBEANS, SO HE'S RENTING SPACE FROM HIS NEIGHBOR, WHICH WILL INCREASE HIS COSTS.

>> RIGHT NOW WE'RE USING ONE, TWO, THREE, FOUR, POSSIBLY FIVE BINS ON HIS FARM SITE.

MEGAN: NOT SELLING NOW MEANS HE MAY NEED TO TAKE OUT A FEDERAL LOAN FOR THE FIRST TIME IN MORE THAN A DECADE TO HELP PAY HIS BILLS.

AND WHEN HE DOES SELL, IT WILL TAKE A LOT OF TIME AND LABOR.

>> I'LL BE HAULING A LOAD EVERY SECOND TO THIRD DAY FROM NOW UNTIL NEXT FALL, JUST TO GET IT ALL EMPTIED OUT I REALLY DON'T WANT TO BE DOING THAT, BUT, UH, WE NEED TO TRY AND MAKE EVERY CENT EXTRA WE CAN THIS YEAR.

MEGAN: ED USSET, WHO ADVISES FARMERS ON THESE TYPES OF COMPLICATED DECISIONS, SAYS THEY'RE USED TO FACTORING IN RISK, BUT THIS LEVEL OF UNCERTAINTY IS MAKING THOSE DECISIONS EXPONENTIALLY HARDER.

>> THERE'S A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN UNCERTAINTY AND RISK.

RISK IS SOMETHING YOU CAN MEASURE.

UNCERTAINTY.

IS THIS TRADE WAR GOING TO BE RESOLVED IN THE NEXT MONTH, SIX MONTHS, ONE YEAR?

YOUR GUESS IS AS GOOD AS MINE.

MEGAN: IN SEPTEMBER, ON A CALL WITH CHINESE PRESIDENT XI JINPING, PRESIDENT TRUMP DISCUSSED TIK TOK, NOT SOYBEANS, AND HAS THREATENED TO CANCEL AN IN-PERSON MEETING WITH XI LATER THIS MONTH.

IN THE MEANTIME HIS ADMINISTRATION IS SAID TO BE PUTTING TOGETHER A MULTI-BILLION-DOLLAR BAILOUT PACKAGE TO HELP MAKE UP FARMER'' LOSSES.

>> AND WE'RE GOING TO TAKE SOME OF THAT TARIFF MONEY THAT WE MADE AND WE'RE GOING TO GIVE IT TO OUR FARMERS.

MEGAN: RYAN MACKENTHUN APPRECIATES THE HELP, BUT.

>> NOBODY LIKES A BAILOUT.

IT'S A SHORT-TERM BAND-AID, WE NEED LONG-TERM FIXES.

MEGAN: AND HE'S WORRIED ABOUT LONG-TERM DAMAGE TO THE EXPORT MARKETS.

BECAUSE CHINA HAS NOW FOUND OTHER TRADING PARTNERS IN ARGENTINA AND BRAZIL.

ED USSET'S ALSO CONCERNED.

>> CHINA IS LEARNING SOMETHING.

THEY HAVE AN INCREDIBLE APPETITE FOR SOYBEANS.

AND THEY CAN FEED ALL THEIR NEEDS FROM SOUTH AMERICA.

THAT'S WHAT THEY'RE LEARNING RIGHT NOW.

MEGAN: FARMERS WANT TO SELL MORE OF THEIR PRODUCTS HERE IN THE U.S.

AND ARE HOPEFUL ABOUT A TRUMP ADMINISTRATION PLAN TO BOOST BIODIESEL MADE FROM AMERICAN SOYBEANS.

>> RENEWABLE DIESEL.

IT IS EXPANDING QUICKLY IN THE UNITED STATES.

BUT IT'S NOT COVERING THAT GAP ANYTIME SOON.

MEGAN: AND SO AS FARMERS IN MINNESOTA MOVE ON TO HARVEST THEIR CORN CROP, THEY WANT THEIR LEADERS IN WASHINGTON TO UNDERSTAND WHAT'S AT STAKE.

>> WELL, I'D SAY LET'S NOT WORRY QUITE AS MUCH ABOUT TIK TOK AND THIS AND THAT.

LET'S WORRY ABOUT THIS AG SECTOR.

YOU KEEP AGRICULTURE HEALTHY, IT KEEPS A LOT MORE JOBS.

KEEPS A LOT MORE PEOPLE FINANCIALLY SET THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES.

>> WHEN FARMERS ARE PROFITABLE, WE SPEND OUR MONEY ON NEW EQUIPMENT, WHICH TURNS AROUND AND HELPS OUR ECONOMY.

TO DO THAT THOUGH WE NEED PROFITABILITY.

WE NEED CERTAINTY.

WE NEED A FUTURE A VISION OF A FUTURE WHERE FARMING WILL BE SOMEDAY.

MEGAN: FOR PBS NEWS WEEKEND, I'M MEGAN THOMPSON IN BROWNTON, MINNESOTA.

JOHN: GEORGE ORWELL'S WRITINGS WARNING OF THE DANGERS OF TOTALITARIAN AND AUTHORITARIAN STATES GAVE THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE THE TERM "ORWELLIAN."

A NEW DOCUMENTARY ARGUES THAT ORWELL'S GREATEST FEARS ARE COMING TRUE.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM TALKED WITH THE DIRECTOR ABOUT HIS NEW FILM, WHICH IS IN THEATERS NATIONWIDE.

>> THE VERY CONCEPT OF OBJECTIVE TRUTH IS FADING OUT OF THIS WORLD.

>> I'M GOING TO SET DOWN WHAT I CANNOT SAY ALOUD, TO ANYONE.

>> THIS PROSPECT FRIGHTENS ME MUCH MORE THAN BOMBS.

WILLIAM: IN HIS NEW FILM "ORWELL: 2+2=5," DIRECTOR RAOUL PECK OFFERS WHAT IS IN PART A BIOGRAPHY OF THE VISIONARY NOVELIST, ESSAYIST AND SOCIAL CRITIC GEORGE ORWELL, BEST KNOWN FOR 1984 AND ANIMAL FARM.

BUT PECK'S FILM ALSO SERVES AS A JARRING REMINDER OF ORWELL'S CLEAREST WARNINGS: ABOUT INEQUALITY, THE PERNICIOUS NATURE OF THE SURVEILLANCE STATE, AND THE LENGTHS TO WHICH LEADERS WILL DISTORT THE TRUTH TO RETAIN POWER.

RAOUL PECK JOINS US NOW.

WELCOME BACK TO THE PROGRAM.

ONE OF YOUR LAST FILMS WAS INCREDIBLY TIMELY IN ITS MOMENT.

THIS FILM EVEN MORE SO, AS I THINK AUDIENCES ARE SEEING.

WHEN DID YOU REALIZE THAT THIS WAS THE MOMENT FOR NOW?

RAOUL: AS A FILMMAKER, IT TAKES US THREE OR FOUR OR FIVE YEARS TO MAKE A FILM SO YOU NEVER KNOW WHEN IT WILL AIR BUT WE DO MAKE SURE THAT OUR FILM WILL SURVIVE AND THAT THE COINCIDENCE OF IT COMING OUT RIGHT NOW SHOWS US NOT ABOUT PREDICTING THE FUTURE BUT HOW CLEAR HE WAS IN HIS OWN EXPERIENCE IN ARBITRARY MOMENTS OF AUTHORITARIAN REGIMES.

E SAW THE WHOLE TOOLBOX OF THOSE APPEARANCES AND IT RANG SO TRUTHFUL TODAY.

JOHN: THE WORDS IN THIS FILM, ONE MIGHT CALL THEM NARRATION.

>> FREEDOM IS SLAVERY.

JOHN: AS YOU ARE LISTENING TO HIM SPEAK, OVERLAID WITH IMAGES OF MODERN DAY, SEVERAL TIMES WATCHING THE FILM I HAD TO REMIND MYSELF THESE WERE WORDS WRITTEN ALMOST HALF A CENTURY AGO.

RAOUL: ABSOLUTELY.

LET IS THE SCARIER THOUGHT.

VEN DEALING WITH THE TEXT, I STARTED WITH THE TEXT AND GOING THROUGH ALL OF THE EXTRAORDINARY OCCASIONS, EVERYTHING HE HAD WRITTEN, AND GOING THROUGH, YOU CAN SEE, THEY ARE DESCRIBING SOMETHING I SAW YESTERDAY.

THAT IS AN OUT OF BODY EXPERIENCE, BUT THAT SHOWS HOW DEEP HE WAS, HOW HE WAS ABLE TO CONSTRUCT THE WHOLE PATTERN OF EVENTS IN AUTHORITARIAN BEHAVIOR AND HE SAID DOESN'T HAVE TO BE AN AUTHORITARIAN COUNTRY FOR THIS TO HAPPEN.

IT CAN HAPPEN WITHIN DEMOCRACIES AS WELL.

IT IS A SLOW BURN WHERE YOU DON'T EVEN REALIZE WHAT IS HAPPENING.

WILLIAM: THERE IS NOT AN ANNOUNCEMENT WHERE TRUMP IS SAYING HERE COMES TOTALITARIANISM.

RAOUL: IT IS STEP-BY-STEP, AND EACH TIME THE SOCIETY ACCEPTS THAT FACTS ARE NOT TRUTHFUL ANYMORE, THAT THERE ARE ALTERNATIVE REALITIES, THAT WORDS DON'T MEAN THE SAME THING ANYMORE OR THAT WORDS ARE FORBIDDEN, THOSE ARE PART OF THE TOOLBOX OF EVERY AUTHORITARIAN REGIME.

WHEN THERE IS A DICTATORSHIP, THE FIRST THING THEY DO IS BURN BOOKS AND ATTACK THE MEDIA, CAPTURE THE TV STATIONS.

IT IS WEIRD TO BE LIVING THIS IN THE UNITED STATES.

ORWELL SAID SOMETHING VERY TRUTHFUL WHEN HE SAID THE DEGRADATION OF LANGUAGE IS THE CONDITION FOR THE DEGRADATION OF DEMOCRACY.

AND NOW WE ARE IN A WORLD WHERE EVEN WORDS ARE BEING PUT ASIDE, WORDS WE ARE NOT ALLOWED TO USE AGAINST THIS ADMINISTRATION ANYMORE.

THE FUNCTION OF THAT WORD WILL DISAPPEAR.

IT IS LIKE CLOSING YOUR EYES.

IT IS A VERY WEIRD PLACE FOR DEMOCRACY RIGHT NOW.

WILLIAM: YOU ARE CLEARLY ARGUING IN THIS FILM THAT WE ARE IN THIS MOMENT ORWELL WARNED US ABOUT WHERE GOVERNMENTS WILL INSIST THAT TWO PLUS TWO EQUALS FIVE.

DO YOU BELIEVE THAT?

DO YOU AGREE THAT WE ARE IN ONE OF THOSE MOMENTS?

RAOUL: WATCH THE NEWS EVERY DAY.

HERE ARE ELECTED OFFICIALS TRYING TO CONVINCE YOU THAT WHAT YOU ARE SEEING IS NOT WHAT IT IS , OR THAT YOU SHOULD USE THAT WORD TO DESCRIBE SOMETHING THAT IS FUNCTIONALLY AN ABUSE OF RIGHTS.

WHEN YOU ATTACKED THE JUSTICE SYSTEM, WHEN YOU ATTACK THE JOURNALISTS OR THE NETWORKS, THOSE ARE KNOWN TOOLS TO DEGRADE DEMOCRACY.

AT ONE POINT YOU HAVE TO ACCEPT THAT THIS IS WHAT IS GOING ON.

YOU CANNOT CONTINUE TO TELL YOURSELF WELL HE IS SAYING TWO PLUS TWO EQUALS FIVE, MAYBE THEY MIGHT BE RIGHT.

NO, YOU HAVE TO KEEP YOUR COMMON SENSE.

TWO PLUS TWO IS ALWAYS FOUR.

IT IS NOT A MATTER OF OPINION, IT IS A FACT.

WILLIAM: GIVEN THAT IN YOUR BELIEF THAT WE ARE IN THIS MOMENT, HOW DO YOU EXPLAIN THE RELATIVE LACK OF OUTRAGE?

RAOUL: FIRST OF ALL, CONTRARY TO WHAT IS DECLARED EVERY DAY, IT IS NOT A LANDSLIDE VICTORY.

IT WAS A 1% DIFFERENCE OF ELECTORAL VOTES.

SECOND, PEOPLE ARE STUNNED.

A LOT OF PEOPLE ARE STUNNED.

WHEN SUDDENLY ALL THE LIMITS THAT YOU KNEW, ALL THE RULES THAT YOU KNEW, THE LANGUAGE THAT YOU KNEW DOESN'T MEAN THE SAME THING.

IT IS HARD TO REACT.

WHEN YOU HAVE LIVED FOR SO LONG IN A REPUBLIC THAT WAS MORE OR LESS PEACEFUL, WHERE THERE WAS A BALANCE OF POWER.

CONGRESS HAD ITS JOB, THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH HAD ITS JOB.

YOU START TO SEE A DYSFUNCTION.

EOPLE WHOSE PRESENCE IS TO MAKE SURE THAT EVERYTHING IS RUNNING CORRECTLY ARE NOT DOING THEIR JOB.

THEY ARE AFRAID TO SAY WHAT THEY ACTUALLY BELIEVE AND TAKE THE FLOOR WHEN THEY KNOW THEY ARE NOT GOING FOR REELECTION.

ALL OF THOSE SIGNS.

WHEN YOU HAVE TO -- I COME FROM HAITI, I GREW UP IN A DICTATORSHIP AND I REMEMBER MY PARENTS WHISPERING IN THE LIVING ROOM AND NOW I AM SEEING FRIENDS AND THEY DON'T HAVE CERTAIN DISCUSSIONS OPENLY ANYMORE BECAUSE THEY DON'T WANT TO LOSE THEIR JOBS OR THEY DON'T WANT TO BE CATALOGUED IN ONE CAMP OR ANOTHER.

THOSE ARE VERY SCARY SIGNS AND WHEN YOU COME FROM THE THIRD WORLD, YOU HAVE SOME INSTINCT TO DECIPHER THOSE SIGNS VERY EARLY ON.

WILLIAM: THE FILM IS ORWELL: 2 +2=5.

THANK YOU.

RAOUL: THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.

JOHN: NOW ON THE NEWS HOUR INSTAGRAM ACCOUNT, POLITIFACT'S ELLEN HINE EXPLAINS WHY - - DEBUNKS REPUBLICAN SENATOR JOSH HAWLEY'S CLAIMS THAT THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION "TAPPED" THE PHONES OF SOME REPUBLICAN SENATORS DURING ITS INVESTIGATION INTO 2020 ELECTION INTERFERENCE.

ALL THAT AND MORE IS ON THE NEWSHOUR INSTAGRAM ACCOUNT.

AND THAT IS PBS NEWS WEEKEND FOR THIS SUNDAY.

I'M JOHN YANG.

FOR ALL OF MY COLLEAGUES, THANKS FOR JOINING US.

HAVE A GOOD WEEK.